چاپ مقاله Simulated microgravity contributed to modification of callogenesis performance and secondary metabolite production in Cannabis Indica
In vitro plant culture paves the way for meeting the industrial demand of pharmaceutically valuable secondary
metabolites. This study intends to monitor how callus cells of Cannabis indica respond to the simulated microgravity (clinorotation; a Man-made technology). Callus initiation resulted from the culture of the leaf explant in a
medium supplemented with kinetin (0.5 mgL− 1
) and 2, 4-D (2 mgL− 1
). Calli were treated with microgravity at
three exposure times (0, 3, and 5 days). The microgravity treatments increased callus biomass about 2.5-fold. The
clinorotation treatments transcriptionally induced the olivetolic acid cyclase (OAC) and olivetol synthase (OLS)
genes about 6.2-fold. The tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCAS) and cannabidiolic acid synthase
(CBDAS) genes displayed a similar upward trend in response to microgravity. The applied treatments also
stimulated the expression of the ethylene-responsive element-binding proteins (ERF1B) and WRKY1 transcription
factors by an average of 7.6-fold. Moreover, the simulated microgravity triggered epigenetic modification in the
DNA methylation profile. The HPLC-based assessment validated the high efficacy of the clinorotation treatments
to increase the concentration of cannabinoids, including Cannabigerol (CBG) and Cannabidiol (CBD). However,
the clinorotated calli contained a lower concentration of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) than the control group.
The microgravity treatments increased concentrations of proline (79%), soluble sugars (61.3%), and proteins
(21.4%) in calli. The biochemical assessment revealed that the clinorotation treatments slightly increased H2O2
concentration. The upregulation in the activities of peroxidase, catalase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
enzymes resulted from the microgravity treatments. Both HPLC and molecular assessments validated the significant efficacy of microgravity to enhance the production of cannabinoids.